Comparative Clinical Pharmacology of Three Ampicillins and Amoxicillin Administered Orally

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Abstract
The absorption of three ampicillins administered orally was compared with that of amoxicillin. In a random study involving 13 normal subjects, ampicillin trihydrate, ampicillin sodium, pivampicillin, and amoxicillin were administered in capsule form to the fasting subjects in dosages equivalent to 500 mg of ampicillin trihydrate. The kinetics of concentration of drug in blood were noted for 8 hr, and urinary recovery was determined for 24 hr. Microbiologic bioassay was performed by the agar diffusion test (cup plate method). Of the four antibiotics tested, amoxicillin had the highest average maximal serum level, the largest area under the curve of serum concentration, and the highest average amount eliminated in urine. Values for pivampicillin were also significantly higher than those for conventional ampicillin trihydrate. No significant differences were established between ampicillin sodium and ampicillin trihydrate.

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