Lipid composition of an obligately anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis isolated from a bovine rumen

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Abstract
The lipid composition of an obligately anaerobic bovine rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis, belonging to the Neo-callimasticaceae of the Chytridiomycetes, has been investigated. It consisted of 44% neutral lipids (triacylglycerol, fatty acid, and sterols) and 56% polar lipids. The fatty acid composition of this unusual fungus differed markedly from that of other members of Chytridiomycetes by the absence of long-chain polyenoic fatty acids and by the presence of a large proportion (48%) of a series of cis-monoenoic fatty acids between 14:1 and 24:1. The absence of polyunsaturated fatty acids is explained by the anaerobic life style of this organism. However, the formation of the large proportions of monoenoic fatty acids under anaerobic conditions constitutes a major difference which cannot be explained by known pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis in fungi. This result indicates that N. frontalis differs from other fungi in possessing an anaerobic pathway for monoenoic fatty acid biosynthesis.