Biological Observations on Certain Turkish Haemaphysalis Ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae)

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Abstract
The only detailed field observations of immature- stage hosts outside of the U.S.S.R. are given for 4 of the 6 Haemaphysalis species occuring in Turkey. These are H. erinacei taurica Pospelova- Shtrom, 1939, larvae from jerboas and nymphs and adults from hedge- hogs and faxes; H. otophila Schulze, 1918, larvae and nymphs from hedgehogs, jerboas, birds, mole rats, hamsters, voles, and field mice; H. punctata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878, larvae and nymphs from hedgehogs, sheep, a raven, a partridge, a jackdaw, and a blackbird; and H. sulcata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878, larvae and nymphs from hedgehogs, foxes, jerboas, a raven, and 3 kinds of lizards. Hosts were found in steppelands, pastures, fallow fields, wheatfields, hayfields, gardens, and a dry, stunted oak forest, never in humid forests, and only once in a swamp. Two additional species are localized in Turkey, H. i. inermis and H. concinna. All of these haemaphysalids have been associated with a wide variety of human and animal diseases.
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