Allopurinol and Xanthine Nephropathy

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Abstract
Treatment with allopurinol results in an induced xanthinuria. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid,1 and in so doing reduces serum and urinary uric acid values while causing slight elevations of hypoxanthine and xanthine in serum and marked increases of these oxypurines in the urine.2 Thus, allopurinol produces a pharmacologic phenocopy of hereditary xanthinuria, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by gross deficiency of xanthine oxidase in tissues.3 The levels of xanthine found in serum and urine of patients treated with allopurinol are similar to those found in hereditary . . .

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