Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization Using Spectrum Analysis

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Abstract
Ultrasonic pulse-echo systems have proven a clinically effective means of obtaining detailed cross-sectional images of soft-tissue structures. These B-scan images are now employed in a diverse range of medical specialties including obstetrics, gynecology, cardiology, and ophthalmology. Initially, the diagnostic utility of ultrasonic imaging was restricted because of severe constraints imposed on image dynamic range by equipment components, including the CRT display itself. Because of these limitations, diagnosis was made on the basis of rather coarse morphological features such as the geometry of tissue interfaces. While echo amplitudes were known to be diagnostically significant they could only be assessed indirectly. The most common approach consisted of generating a series of images at a variety of sensitivity levels. "Strong" echoes persisted at low sensitivity settings while "weak" echoes were displayed only at high sensitivity settings.

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