Natural Attenuation Mechanisms of Landfill Leachate and Effects of Various Factors On the Mechanisms

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Abstract
The paper identifies mechanisms by which landfill leachate is attenuated by soil and aquifer. The mechanisms are: adsorption, biological action, cation and anion exchange reactions, dilution, filtration, and precipitation reactions. Each mechanism is discussed separately. The major attenuation mechanism is identified for many municipal landfill leachate constituents. Effects of leachate velocity, degree of saturation, organic and inorganic matter in soil, clay type, soil fabric and soil stratigraphy on attenuation is discussed.