Piezoelectric Ceramics of Pb(Zr–Ti)O3 Modified by A1+B5+O3 or A3+B3+O3

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Abstract
The properties of the solid solutions (Pb1-x –A x )((Zr y –Ti1-y )1-x –B x )O3 or (1-x)Pb(Zr y –Ti1-y )O3–xABO3 are studied, where A is a mono- or trivalent ion and B a penta- or trivalent ion as follows: A1+=K, Na, B5+=Sb, Nb, Bi; A3+=Bi, La, B3+=Fe, Al, Cr. The composition ranges examined are mostly within xy3 ceramics are improved by the present modification with ABO3; that is, the dielectric constant increases and the electromechanical coupling coefficient first increases to a broad maximum and then decreases. The coupling coefficient over 0.5 is easily obtained even for less dense ceramics, especially in the case of NaNbO3 substitution.