Toxic Chemicals in Marine Sediment and Biota From Mukilteo, Washington: Relationships With Hepatic Neoplasms and Other Hepatic Lesions in English Sole (Parophrys vetulus)23

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Abstract
High prevalences of idiopathic liver lesions, including 7.5% hepatic neoplasms (e.g., hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas) and 16.7% foci of cellular alteration (putative preneoplastic hepatic lesions), were found in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from waters near Mukilteo, a small community on Puget Sound in Washington State. Sediments from the sampling sites contained particularly high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons. Substantially lower concentrations of these compounds were found in sediments from another Puget Sound (reference) site in which fish showed no evidence of hepatic neoplasms or foci of cellular alteration. Stomach contents from the fish at Mukilteo contained substantially higher concentrations of the chemicals than did stomach contents of fish from the relatively uncontaminated site. High concentrations of metabolites of aromatic compounds were measured in the bile of fish from Mukilteo. These findings support previously observed relationships between sediment chemicals (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons) and high prevalences of liver lesions in English sole from Puget Sound. In addition, a dietary route of uptake by English sole of environmental chemicals, including known carcinogens, was documented.