The effect of time of irrigation on the growth and yield of transplanted rice plants (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract
1. Continuous waterlogging and 4 weeks' waterlogging immediately after transplanting produced plants with higher leaf and shoot numbers. 2. There was no difference in the final shoot number between plants continuously waterlogged and those waterlogged for 4 weeks, immediately and 4 weeks after transplanting. The shoot mortality was higher in the continuously waterlogged plants and those waterlogged for 4 weeks immediately, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after transplanting than in those waterlogged for 4 weeks, 4 weeks after transplanting. 3. Continuously waterlogged plants and those waterlogged for 4 weeks, 4 weeks after transplanting, were taller than those waterlogged for 4 weeks, immediately, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after transplanting. 4. Leaf area per bucket, leaf area per shoot and per leaf lamina were higher in continuously waterlogged plants and those waterlogged for 4 weeks, 4 weeks after transplanting, than in those waterlogged for 4 weeks immediately, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after transplanting. 5. Continuous waterlogging and waterlogging for 4 weeks, 4 weeks after transplanting, increased the physiological age of the plants as evidenced by earlier ear emergence and grain ripeness. 6. Fresh-weight yield, yield of grain and panicle were greater in continuously waterlogged plants and those waterlogged for 4 weeks, 4 weeks after transplanting, than in those waterlogged for 4 weeks immediately, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after transplanting. 7. The critical period for waterlogging in the cultivation of the rice variety studied is 4 weeks after transplanting and waterlogging applied during this critical period for 4 weeks favours higher yield of grain than when applied for the same period earlier or later than this period. Where water supply is limited the plants should only be waterlogged at this period and the soil kept moist throughout the remaining growing period. However, where there is enough water to waterlog the plants for 8 weeks this should be started immediately after transplanting.

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