Olfactory Bulbectomy Impedes Social but Not Photic Reentrainment of Circadian Rhythms in Female Octodon degus

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Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that nonphotic (social) cues markedly accelerate reentrainment to large phase shifts of the light-dark (LD) cycle in female Octodon degus and that such changes are likely effected by chemosensory stimuli. This experiment investigated the effects of olfactory bulbectomies on (1) socially facilitated reentrainment rates of circadian rhythms following a 6-h phase advance of the LD cycle, (2) photic reentrainment rates of circadian rhythms following a 6-h advance of the LD cycle, (3) photic entrainment, and (4) the circadian period (τ) of activity rhythms in constant darkness (DD). Olfactory bulbectomies (BX) blocked socially facilitated reentrainment rates but did not alter reentrainment rates of circadian rhythms to photic cues alone. In addition, BX lowered mean daily locomotor activity levels and decreased the amplitude of the activity rhythm in degus housed in entrained (LD 12:12) conditions but did not alter the phase of activity onset or offset, duration (α) of activity, or mean daily core body temperature. Bulbectomies also failed to modify τ of free-running activity rhythms. This experiment confirms that the olfactory bulbs and che mosensory cues are necessary for socially facilitated reentrainment. In contrast to their effects in nocturnal rodents, BX do not produce significant circadian photic changes in diurnal degus. This is the first experiment to determine that chemosensory stimuli modulate the circadian system in a diurnal rodent.