Proventricular lesions associated with natural and experimental infections of Dispharynx nasuta (Nematoda: Acuariidae)

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Abstract
Dispharynx nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) was found in the proventriculus of 7 of 11 species of birds examined from Florida. Raised lesions with multifocal petechial hemorrhages, excess mucus, mononuclear infiltrate, and epithelial desquamation were consistently seen in these birds. Nematode larvae originating from eggs obtained from a northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis (L.), were fed to an adult brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater (Boddaert), and mature adults established within the proventriculus. The lesion produced was similar to those found in the naturally infected birds. Nematode larvae originating from eggs obtained from a blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata (L.)), American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm), boat-tailed grackle (Quiscalus major Vieillot), northern cardinal, and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo (L.)) were fed to young broad-breasted white domestic turkey poults. Larvae originating from northern cardinal and wild turkey established in the domestic turkeys; however, mature adults were found in only one bird after 12 weeks. Proventriculi from the domestic turkeys had a mixed mononuclear and granulocytic infiltrate, villar necrosis, and abscesses in the submucosa.

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