Myosin head movements are synchronous with the elementary force-generating process in muscle

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Abstract
MOTOR proteins such as myosin, dynein and kinesin use the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to produce force or motion, but despite recent progress1–4 their molecular mechanism is unknown. The best characterized system is the myosin motor which moves actin filaments in muscle5–12. When an active muscle fibre is rapidly shortened the force first decreases, then partially recovers over the next few milliseconds5. This elementary force-generating process is thought to be due to a structural 'working stroke' in the myosin head domain5–9, although structural studies have not provided definitive support for this10–12. X-ray diffraction has shown that shortening steps produce a large decrease in the intensity of the 14.5 nm reflection arising from the axial repeat of the myosin heads along the filaments13,14. This was interpreted as a structural change at the end of the working stroke, but the techniques then available did not allow temporal resolution of the elementary force-generating process itself. Using improved measurement techniques, we show here that myosin heads move by about 10 nm with the same time course as the elementary force-generating process.