Hard diffraction at DESY HERA and the gluonic content of the Pomeron

We show that the previously introduced CKMT model, based on conventional Regge theory, gives a good description of the data from DESY HERA on the structure function $F_2^D$ for large rapidity gap (diffractive) events. These data allow us not only to determine the valence and sea quark content of the Pomeron, but also, through their $Q^2$ dependence, give us information on its gluonic content. Using DGLAP evolution, we find that the gluon distribution in the Pomeron is very hard and the gluons carry more momentum than the quarks. This indicates that the Pomeron, unlike ordinary hadrons, is a mostly gluonic object. With our definition of the Pomeron flux factor the total momentum carried by quarks and gluons turns out to be 0.3-0.4, strongly violating the momentum sum rule.