Pharmacotherapy in the developmental disabilites: New developments

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Abstract
In this paper, we identify and evaluate emerging developments in the pharmacotherapy of people with developmental disabilities. The opiate antagonists, naloxone and naltrexone, have received considerable attention because of their putative role in managing self injury and, less so, for their possible effects on autistic symptoms. Fenfluramine has been extensively studied in children with autism but results are variable, and efficacy appears to be confined to certain target symptoms. Studies in nonautistic subjects having mental retardation are encouraging although limited in number. Reports suggest that the beta adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol) may be useful for reducing aggression and self injury, but existing studies are generally poorly controlled. Buspirone, a new anxiolytic which appears to have few effects on cognitive functioning, has been assessed with encouraging results, but controlled studies are still nonexistant. New developments with antipsychotic drugs suggest some important avenues for research and possible clinical applications for some forms of self injury. Amantadine and antilibidinal drugs are also discussed. This literature is discussed in terms of the need for more controlled studies, with attention given to neurochemical and psychiatric characteristics of the patients concerned.

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