Effect of piperacillin/tazobactam treatment on human bowel microflora

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Abstract
The effect of piperacillin/tazobactam treatment on the bowel microflora was studied in 20 patients with intra-abdominal infections. The patients were treated with piperacillin 4 g and tazobactam 500 mg administered intravenously every 8 h for four to eight days. Stool specimens were collected before, during and after treatment Six patients had measurable faecal concentrations of piperacillin (1·2–276 mg/kg) and four patients measurable concentrations of tazobactam (0·8–22·2 mg/kg) during treatment The mean numbers of enterobacteria, enterococci, bifidobacteria, eubacteria, lactobacilli, clostridia and Gram-positive cocci decreased while the numbers of anaerobic Gram-negative cocci and bacteroides were unaffected. The aerobic and anaerobic microflora returned to normal in all patients after the treatment had stopped.

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