Acute Leukaemia after Prolonged Chlorambucil Treatment for Non-Malignant Disease: Report of a New Case and Literature Survey

Abstract
A case of acute myeloblastic leukaemia is reported in a patient treated with chlorambucil during 72 months for multiple sclerosis. In a review of the medical literature, 43 additional reports of acute leukaemia after chlorambucil therapy for non-malignant diseases were found. Most cases are of a non-lymphoid type and preceded by various blood and bone marrow abnormalities. The prognosis is poor with a short survival. The risk of developing acute leukaemia after long-term immunosuppressive treatment with chlorambucil is emphasized.

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