ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION OVER A NONPARALLEL STRATIFIED CONDUCTING MEDIUM

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Abstract
The objective is to calculate the electromagnetic field of a dipole located over a flat inhomogeneous ground whose upper layer has a variable thickness. Although a formally exact derivation for a lossy dielectric wedge model is available, its complexity prohibits immediate application. Instead, using a geometrical-optical technique, an approximate expression is developed for the effective surface impedance at the ground surface. This method takes full account of multiple reflections within the wedge region but neglects scattering from the wedge apex. Thus, the resulting surface impedance formula is valid everywhere except near the apex of the wedge. With this point kept in mind, the compensation theorem is employed to derive an integral equation for the electromagnetic field produced by a dipole located above this model of a nonparallel stratified ground. Using an appropriate reference field, the resulting integral equation of the Volterra type is solved by an iterative method. The excellent convergence of this procedure is demonstrated for a particular model. This solution yields quantitative results for the ground-wave attenuation function. In the case of a parallel stratified ground, it reduces to earlier known results.

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