The Thermal Resistance of Bacillus larvae

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Abstract
Spores were heated and their viability tested by culturing while their virulence was tested by inoculating colonies of bees. Growth in culture was obtained from spores boiled in water or exposed to flowing steam for 7 hrs., boiled in diluted honey for 5 hrs., autoclaved at 15 lbs. for 25 or 40 rnin., exposed to dry heat at 98[degree] for 2 days, and exposed in beeswax at 100[degree] for 5 days. Spores boiled for 30 min. and fed to colonies had not produced disease after 3 yrs., while spores boiled for 15 min. had not produced disease at the end of one season. A favorable medium, heavy inoculations, and prolonged incubation were found necessary to produce growth of spores subjected to severe heating. Extreme variation in cultural results with heated spores is thought to be due to variation in thermal resistance of individual spores.

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