Relationship of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism with bone mineral density among UK resident Indo-Asians

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Abstract
Background:: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in UK resident Indo-Asians and this may be complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism. Objective: To investigate the relationship between these conditions and bone mineral density (BMD) in Indo-Asian rheumatology patients. Methods: 110 Indo-Asian patients presenting to a general rheumatology clinic were selected for the study, of whom 77 were vitamin D deficient (HD), and 33 also had associated secondary hyperparathyroidism (HD-SHPT). BMD measurements at the femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS), distal radius (DR), and radius 33% were obtained. T and Z scores were used in the evaluation of the dual energy x ray absorptiometry findings. The Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 tests were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The patients with HD-SHPT had significantly lower serum 25-OH-vitamin D, higher serum alkaline phosphatase, and lower calcium levels than the HD group. Both T and Z scores failed to show any significant difference between the groups in the LS, but patients with HD-SHPT compared with those with HD had significantly lower FN T scores (−1.05 (1.47) v 0.28 (1.22), p=0.003), FN Z scores (−0.45 (1.27) v 0.26 (0.96), p=0.001), DR T scores (−1.83 (1.82) v −0.44 (1.77), pv –0.08 (1.6), p=0.001), radius 33% T scores (−1.65 (1.66) v –0.79 (1.21), p=0.008), and radius 33% Z scores (−1.07 (1.28) v –0.44 (1.1), p=0.017). Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with significantly decreased bone mineral density.