Nutritional Factors that May Influence Bioavailability of Cadmium

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Abstract
Cadmium accumulates slowly in the human body and a critically high level in the kidney can cause damage to the proximal renal tubule. Loss of Ca in the urine then contributes to extensive skeletal mineral loss. The bioavailability of Cd to animals and humans can be markedly affected by nutritional status and dietary intakes of essential and other nutrients. In general, deficiencies and excesses of interacting nutrients exacerbate and protect, respectively, against the adverse effect of Cd. These effects on bioavailability occur primarily via changes in intestinal absorption, although accelerated uptake by the kidney sometimes occurs. The chemical form of Cd that is consumed experimentally can also modify response. Many aspects of the relationships between Cd and nutrients are incompletely understood. From studies of population groups with high Cd intakes from certain foods, it appears that consumption of an adequate diet protects markedly againsthe adverse effects of Cd.

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