Biotransformation by Divison-Arrested and Immobilized Plant Cells: Bioconversion of Monoterpenes by Gamma-Irradiated Suspended and Entrapped Cells ofMenthaandNicotiana

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Abstract
Exposure of Mentha cells to 500 Gy gamma-irradiation caused cell-division arrest. These irradiated cells efficiently reduced (-)menthone to (+)neomenthol with similar or higher activity than that of the corresponding non-irradiated cells. Moreover the menthone reduction capability of the irradiated cells was fully retained following immobilization by entrapment in glyoxal-crosslinked polyacrylamide-hydrazide. Gamma-irradiated cells retained their biotransformation capability for at least one week in shake-culture; thus the transformation process could be repeated several times. Efficient biotransformation carried out by irradiated plant cells seems to be a general phenomenon. In addition to the capability of irradiated Mentha cells to reduce either (-)menthone or another precursor (geraniol), cells derived from Nicotiana sylvestris also retained their capacity of biotransformation, after gamma-irradiation. Division-arrested and immobilized plant cells may thus allow the development of continuous biotransformation processes.

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