Quantum oscillations in one-dimensional metal rings: Average over disorder

Abstract
We study the Aharonov-Bohm effect in single normal-metal rings and show that averaging the transmission coefficient T over disorder gives oscillations with a period of a half-flux quantum. As the elastic scattering gets stronger, the periodicity of oscillation of the conductance, which is related to T, gradually changes to a full-flux quantum, in agreement with recent experiments.