The impact of climatic factors and host density on the long-term population dynamics of vole helminths

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Abstract
The seasonal and long-term population dynamics of helminths parsitizing voles suggested that density-dependent factors might be important in the population dynamics of common species, whereas density-independent factor predominate in the regulation of the rare species. To test this, we used single and multiple regression to analyse the effects of climatic factors and host density on populations of six species of vole helminths over 12 years. The data do support the idea of a difference between common and rare species of helminths, but they clearly do not support the above hypothesis. The common helmiths Heligmosomum mixtum (Nematoda) and Catenotaenia sp. (Cestoda) responded to changes in temperature sum (>5.degree.C days) and precipitation during summer. The combined effect of climatic factors and host density explained most of the variation in the long-term dynamics of these common species. By contrast, the long-term dynamics of the rare helminths Paranoplocephala kalelai (Cestoda), Mastophorus muris, Capillaria sp. and Syphacia petruswiczi (Nematoda) were explained less well by weather and host density than those of the common ones. Furthermore, the common and rare helminths differed in some ways in their responses to climatic factors.