Some Effects of Stenosis of the Terminal Common Bile Duct on the Biliary Tract and Liver

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Abstract
TWO hundred and one years ago an English physician, Thomas Coe,1 made the following observation: "When by any means the bile is stopped or retarded so as to stagnate long, either in the gall bladder or ducts, especially if before the stoppage it was unusually thick and viscid or abounded more than ordinarily with earthy particles it is readily formed into biliary concretions or gallstones of various kinds." A hundred and forty years later William Hunter2 agreed that stagnation was important but considered a "catarrhal condition" also necessary to form "irritant products" that might act as nuclei for stones. Harvey . . .