THE PURPOSE of this paper is the presentation of a case of extraocular-muscle paralysis complicating long-standing diabetes mellitus. Since Dieulafoy,1in 1905, first collected the cases of extraocular-muscle paralyses due to diabetes mellitus, the association of such paralyses with diabetes mellitus has been noted in large series of patients by several investigators. It is the consensus of most authors that this complication is uncommon. Waite and Beetham,2in 1935, found only 16 cases of ocular-muscle paralyses in 4,001 eyes of diabetic patients, an incidence of 0.4%. Leopold,3however, 10 years later, found an incidence of 5% in 100 cases. Most authors, nevertheless, agree with Waite and Beetham.2 Walsh4and Weinstein and Dolger5believed that a minute hemorrhage, either into the nerve trunk or about the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, produced the paralysis. This idea is supported by the rapidity of onset in the