Cell division and reformation of the amphiesma in the pelliculate dinoflagellate,Heterocapsa niei

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Abstract
Cytokinesis is described for the first time in a pelliculate dinoflagellate that retains its thecal plates during cell division. InHeterocapsa nieicytokinesis proceeded in a manner that differed from that described for other dinoflagellates. The thecal plates separated along the fission line before the development of a cleavage furrow. A distinct cleavage furrow developed as cytokinesis progressed. The outer membrane and the outer plate membrane expanded during division to enclose the enlarging cell undergoing cytokinesis; however, as the cleavage furrow deepened, these membranes were not continuous with the cytoplasm. The pellicle was occasionally intermittent in the region of the cleavage furrow, possibly facilitating movement of material from the cytoplasm to the developing outer membranes. Thecal plate formation occurred within the thecal vesicle from unrecognizable precursors.