Tau and Aβ42 protein in CSF of patients with frontotemporal degeneration

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Abstract
Background: CSF concentrations of tau and β-amyloid protein-42 (Aβ42) have been extensively studied in AD. Few data are available concerning CSF levels of both proteins in patients with frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). Methods: The authors investigated CSF tau and Aβ42 concentrations in 34 patients with FTD, 74 patients with AD, and 40 cognitively healthy control subjects. CSF levels of tau and Aβ42 were measured by ELISA. With use of receiver operating characteristic–derived cutoff points and linear discrimination lines, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of both markers were determined. Results: CSF tau concentrations were significantly higher in FTD than in control subjects but were significantly lower than in AD. CSF Aβ42 levels were significantly lower in FTD than in control subjects but were significantly higher than in AD. In subjects with FTD, neither tau nor Aβ42 levels correlated with the severity of dementia. The best discrimination between the diagnostic groups was obtained by simultaneous measurement of tau and Aβ42, yielding a sensitivity of 90% at a specificity of 77% (FTD vs controls) and a sensitivity of 85% at a specificity of 85% (FTD vs AD). Conclusions: In FTD, CSF levels of tau are elevated and Aβ42 levels are decreased. With use of these markers, subjects with FTD can be distinguished from control subjects and from patients with AD with reasonable accuracy.