An inhibitory role for polyamines in protein kinase C activation and insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic islets

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Abstract
The occurrence and function of polyamines in protein kinase C activation and insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic islets were studied. Determination of polyamines in mouse islets revealed 0.9 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6) pmol of putrescine, 11.7 +/- 3.2 (8) pmol of spermidine and 3.7 +/- 0.6 (8) pmol of spermine per islet, corresponding to intracellular concentrations of 0.3-0.5 mM-putrescine, 3.9-5.9 mM-spermidine and 1.2-1.9 mM-spermine in mouse islets. Stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or the sulphonylurea glibenclamide did not affect these polyamine contents. In accordance with a role for protein kinase C in insulin secretion, TPA stimulated both protein kinase C activity and insulin secretion. Stimulation of insulin secretion by TPA was dependent on a non-stimulatory concentration of glucose and was further potentiated by stimulatory concentrations of glucose, glibenclamide or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, suggesting that protein kinase C activation, Ca2+ mobilization and cyclic AMP accumulation are all needed for full secretory response of mouse islets. Spermidine (5 mM) and spermine (1.5 mM) at concentrations found in islets inhibited protein kinase C stimulated by TPA + phosphatidylserine by 55% and 45% respectively. Putrescine (0.5 mM) was without effect, but inhibited the enzyme at higher concentrations (2-10 mM). Inhibition of protein kinase C by polyamines showed competition with Ca2+, and Ca2+ influx in response to glucose or glibenclamide prevented inhibition of insulin secretion by exogenous polyamines at concentrations where they did not affect glucose oxidation. It is suggested that inhibition of protein kinase C by polyamines may be of significance for regulation of insulin secretion in vivo and that Ca2+ influx may function by displacing inhibitory polyamines bound to phosphatidylserine in membranes.