Interaction between the −170 CRE and the −150 CCAAT box is necessary for efficient activation of the fibronectin gene promoter by cAMP and ATF‐2

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Abstract
The fibronectin promoter contains an ATF/cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element (CRE) site two helical turns upstream of a CCAAT site with which it interacts. We investigated the effects of mutating these −170 CRE and −150 CCAAT elements on the promoter activity regulated by three different modulators previously known to act through CRE: ATF‐2, cAMP and E1a. While the cooperation seems to play no role in E1a action, integrity of the −150 CCAAT is necessary for ATF‐2 and cAMP efficient activation in a cell‐specific manner. These results show that the CRE and CCAAT elements function as a ‘composite element’ and establish a cell‐specific function for CRE‐CCAAT synergy.