Abciximab, Eptifibatide, and Tirofiban Exhibit Dose-dependent Potencies to Dissolve Platelet Aggregates

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Abstract
Platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists are not only used to prevent platelet aggregation, but also in combination with thrombolytic agents for the treatment of coronary thrombi. Recent data indicate a potential of abciximab alone to dissolve thrombi in vivo. We investigated the potential of abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban to dissolve platelet aggregates in vitro. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation could be reversed in a concentration-dependent manner by all three GPIIb/IIIa antagonists when added after the aggregation curve reached half-maximal aggregation. The concentrations chosen are comparable with in vivo plasma concentrations in clinical applications. Disaggregation reached a maximum degree of 72.4% using 0.5 μg/ml tirofiban, 91.5% using 3.75 μg/ml eptifibatide, and 48.4% using 50 μg/ml abciximab (P < 0.05, respectively). A potential fibrinolytic activity of the GPIIb/IIIa antagonists was ruled out by preincubation with aprotinin or by a plasma clot assay. A stable model Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line expressing the activated form of GPIIb/IIIa was used to confirm the disaggregation capacity of GPIIb/IIIa antagonists found in platelets. Not only abciximab, but also eptifibatide and tirofiban have the potential to disaggregate newly formed platelet clusters in vitro. Because enzyme-dependent fibrinolysis does not appear to be involved, competitive removal of fibrinogen by the receptor antagonists is the most likely mechanism.