Pathways of calcium release from heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle

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Abstract
The active uptake and efflux of Ca2+ from suspensions of vesicles from heavy rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum have been examined using the antipyrylazo III dye method in the presence of various nueleotide triphosphate substrates to support active Ca2+ accumulation. On addition of ATP, Ca2+ is rapidly accumulated and maintained at high internal concentrations until the substrate for pump protein is exhausted. Ca2+ ‐induced Ca2+ release which is inhibited by ruthenium red can be demonstrated. The kinetics of Ca2+ release via these channels is different from the Ca2+ efflux observed after substrate exhaustion. This rate was found to be dependent on the type of nucleotide triphosphate, decreasing in the order ATP > GTP > CTP > ITP UTP. It is suggested that different conformations of the Ca2+ pump protein induced by the different substrates may result in the creation of pathways for the facilitated diffusion of Ca2+.