In vivo measurement of the low-frequency dielectric spectra of frog skeletal muscle

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Abstract
Capacitance, conductance and dielectric loss spectra are obtained, in vivo, for a number of electrode separations in the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog. At each frequency the reciprocals of these parameters are plotted versus electrode separation. From the slopes of the resulting lines the complex permittivity and the conductivity of the muscle can be determined, with electrode effects eliminated. The sequence of power-law responses which is found is consistent with the fractal model proposed by Dissado. The electrical properties measured in vivo with needle electrodes are similar to those measured with surface electrodes for frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 MHz.

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