Lacrimating Agents (CS and CN) in Rats and Rabbits

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Abstract
In studies in rats, chloroacetophenone (CN) and o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) produced severe gastroenteritis, with deaths generally occuring within two days after a single dose, Laboratory and commercial preparations containing more than 4% W/V CN produced permanent corneal injury, while a laboratory preparation containing 10% W/V CS produced no corneal injury. Washing eyes with water shortly after instillation of lacrimators reduced conjunctival swelling. CN applied to rabbit skin usually produced purpura and necrotic eschar; CS occasionally produced eschar without purpura. Washing exposed skins with water or soap and water, at Intervals up to 30 minutes after exposure, provided little benefit. Dermal recovery was substantially complete at five weeks.

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