IL-1β–Induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells Is Blocked by Proteasome Inhibitors

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Abstract
—Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is expressed by a variety of cell types in response to various stimuli. MCP-1 expressed by the endothelium plays an important role in cell migration and activation. MCP-1 is a major chemoattractant for monocytes, T lymphocytes, and basophils. In the present study, we present evidence that the proteasome complex is involved in mediating the interleukin (IL)-1β induction of MCP-1 in endothelial cells. We present evidence that a proteasome inhibitor,N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal (norLeu), and the protease inhibitor tosyl-Phe-chloromethylketone (TPCK) block IL-1β induction of MCP-1 protein expression. norLeu and TPCK also blocked IL-1β–induced MCP-1 promoter-driven reporter gene expression as well as nuclear factor (NF)-κB–mediated reporter gene expression. The effects of norLeu were due to its inhibition of the proteasome rather than calpain, because other calpain inhibitors had no effect on MCP-1 expression. In contrast to TPCK, which blocked NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, norLeu had no effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation or IL-1β–induced phosphorylation of p65. This study demonstrates that the proteasome pathway is involved in IL-1β–induced MCP-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells.