The Effects of Frost-Heaving on Objects in Soils

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Abstract
Frost-heaving of natural and cultural materials occurs in soils whenever soil temperatures drop below freezing and the soils are moist. Frost-heaving is greatest in imperfectly drained, silt-textured, porous soils, at shallow depths, when rate of frost penetration is slow and when no vegetation or snow cover is present. The density, size, shape, orientation, and thermal properties of materials also affect the rate of frost-heaving. Because the movement is accumulative, the longer an object is buried, the greater will be its displacement. Frost-heave is a process which can mix stratigraphy and cultural materials at archaeological sites.

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