Male reproductive behaviour and spawning success in a temperate zone goby, Coryphopterus nicholsi

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Abstract
C. nicholsi is a temperate zone marine goby. In laboratory groups of fish, females preferentially spawn with dominant males; assessment of dominance appears to be based upon courting vigor. Male size (standard length) and dominance were often, but not always, highly correlated. There was no consistent correlation between territorial quality and spawning success. Smaller males in laboratory groups did not court females or guard eggs. Their behavior and testicular development during the reproductive season suggest that they may engage in sneak spawning. Dominant males are more likely to successfully guard eggs against conspecific predators than are subordinate males, and hence females should have greater reproductive success if they choose dominant males for spawning partners.