Weak Electric Fields Affect Plant Development

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Abstract
High-strength electric currents and fields can alter plant physiology by the production of heat within the plant tissue and by the ionization of air molecules at the plant tips. It has been suggested that weak low-frequency electric and magnetic filelds may alter germination and early plant development [4], [5], but the question has not been resolved. Our aim was to determine the possible existence of weak electric-field effects on sunflower germination and to calculate the electric-field threshold inside the seed for any such effects. We found that an applied electric field of 5 kV/m, 60 Hz, produced an internal electric field of 7.5 ×10-4 V/m in a seed in moist soil and resulted in a statistically significant decrease of about 5 percent in germination rate. No effect was found for an applied field of 1 kV/m (1.5 ×10-4 V/m inside the seed). These results established for the first time that electric fields can affect plants by a nonthermal mechanism other than air ionization.