Early morphological changes in rat cerebellum caused by a single dose of methylmercury

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Abstract
A single dose of 10 mg methylmercury chloride per kg body weight was given to 30 days old rats and to adult rats (180–200 g). This resulted in brain levels of 1.4–2.2 μg Hg/g wet weight. In the young rats electron microscopic morphometry showed swelling of the granule cells. The extent of changes was more pronounced in the cerebellar hemispheres than in the vermais and flocculus. At 7 days after giving the methylmercury the granule cells appeared to have returned to normal. Methylmercury produced both light and electron microscopic changes in cerebellar neurons of adult (180–200 g) rats 3 days after dosing. 2.5–10% of the granule cells appeared dark and condensed in toluidine blue stained semithin sections of perfusion fixed and plastic embedded material. In control animals the comparable percentage never exceeded 1. By electron microscopic morphometry the dark cells proved to be shrunken to 70%, whereas the remaining light granule cells were swollen to 130% of the normal cell volume. The heterochromatin and mitochondrial volumes per cell remained constant in both dark and light cells from methylmercury treated animals. In the Purkinje cells from both young and adult rats, geometrical changes in the cisternae of the granulated endoplasmic reticulum were evident. The swelling and shrinkage of the granule cells is supposed to be due to impaired electrolyte control and the disorganized granulated endoplasmic reticulum of the Purkinje cells may be related to the deleterious effects on protein synthesis.