Reconstruction of Posttraumatic and Congenital Facial Deformities with Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted Custom-Designed Implants

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Abstract
The principles, method, and benefits of combining three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/ CAM) technology for development of custom-designed prostheses are applied in the repair of posttraumatic and congenital facial contour deficiencies. Each prosthesis is generated to fit the bone defect exactly, with external contours adjusted to compensate for overlying soft-tissue disparities. Three representative case reports from a series of 17 demonstrate the applications and advantages of using this technique. Some patients had residual defects after primary repair of posttraumatic deformities. Others had defects after orthognathic relapses for congenital deformities. Without a relatively minor surgery and a high degree of predictability, many of these patients would not have pursued further treatment. All but one of the surgeries were performed on an outpatient basis, providing an accurate, simple, and cost-effective method of contour restoration with limited morbidity and reduced operative time.

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