A Comparative Thermodynamic Analysis by Laser-Flash Absorption Spectroscopy of Photosystem I Reduction by Plastocyanin and Cytochrome c6 in Anabaena PCC 7119, Synechocystis PCC 6803, and Spinach

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Abstract
A comparative thermodynamic analysis of photosystem I (PSI) reduction by plastocyanin (Pc) and cytochrome c6 (Cyt) has been carried out by laser-flash absorption spectroscopy in the cyanobacteria Anabaena PCC 7119 and Synechocystis PCC 6803 as well as in spinach. These three organisms have been reported to exhibit different reaction mechanisms [Hervás, M., Navarro, J. A., Díaz, A., Bottin, H., & De la Rosa, M. A. (1995) Biochemistry, 34, 11321−11326]. Whereas the activation free energy for the overall reaction is mainly enthalpic in nature, long-range electrostatic interactions appear to be attractive in Anabaena, but repulsive in Synechocystis and spinach. The net interaction between PSI and its two donor proteins in Anabaena is similarly affected by ionic strength (the rate constant decreases with increasing salt concentration), but the activation parameters ΔH⧧ and ΔS⧧ show different dependencies on ionic strength. A compensation effect between entropy and enthalpy at varying ionic strength is found in all these Pc/PSI and Cyt/PSI systems, except with Cyt and PSI from Anabaena. Such a compensation effect is proposed to be mainly due to stabilization of the intermediate electrostatic complex by hydrophobic forces. The electron transfer step seems to be well optimized in the Anabaena Cyt/PSI couple, which exhibits a temperature-independent fast kinetic phase and, therefore, a low activation energy barrier. Short-distance forces appear to have gained relevancy in the reaction mechanism of PSI reduction by Cyt and Pc throughout evolution, whereas long-range interactions are prevalent in less evolved organisms.