Ovicidal Activity of Aliphatic Amines and Petroleum Oil Against Two Species of Mosquitoes

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Abstract
Most of the homologous series of primary lymphatic amines (long alkyl chains) proved highly effective against eggs of Anopheles albimanus Wireman, but only one of these (solely Maine) proved effective against eggs of the southern house mosquito, Culex pippins quinquefasciatus Say. A beta Maine (beta penta decane amine) also proved effective at 10 ppm concentration against the former species but not against the latter. Species specificity may be attributed to the variations in chorion and micropylar structures and their functioning in the 2 species. Age of eggs as well as duration of treatment period influenced level of susceptibility of eggs to oleyl amine and Neopynamin® (2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopro-panecarboxylic acid ester with N-(hydroxymethyl)-1-cyclo-hexene-1,2-dicarboximide). The younger eggs (1-8 hours old) were more susceptible than older eggs. Longer treatment period (48 hours) produced higher kill of the eggs than a shorter treatment period (24 hours). Exposure periods of shorter than 24 hours produced no marked effects. A kerosene-type petroleum oil (Toxisol J. A. (Jet Aviation grade)) killed eggs of C. p. quinquefasciatus at concentrations of 25 ppm or higher. At these higher concentrations the surface tension of water and/or eggs was lowered to such an extent that the egg rafts sank and mortality in these eggs was high. Mechanical sinking of egg rafts caused similar high mortality of eggs. Embryonic development in eggs treated with effective concentrations was generally retarded. Most of the embryos treated showed no differentiation or were found at the earlier stages of differentiation. However, some embryos in the treated eggs reached full maturity but were not able to emerge.

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