Primary Causes of Drowning and Near Drowning in Scuba Diving

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Abstract
In brief: Two scuba divers who were semiconscious when retrieved from the water of a training pool were found to have different primary injuries that required distinctly different treatments. Near drowning in a swimmer or scuba diver should alert a physician to look beyond the simple immersion accident to discover if an underlying disorder may have been the cause. In a scuba diver, the differential diagnosis must be extended to include decompression sickness, cerebral air embolism, pneumothorax, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Assessment and treatment—perhaps with hyperbaric oxygen therapy—must be carried out at once, both to resuscitate the diver and maximize the chances for a complete recovery.

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