Laboratory Study of Factors Influencing Milestone Formation

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Abstract
Interrelated chemical factors involved in producing milkstone were milk, water hardness, chlorine solutions, cleansers and cleanser ingredients. Water hardness was singly the most important factor. Reduction of milkstone occurred by use of cleanser ingredients giving clear rather than cloudy hard water solutions. Acidic and neutral cleaners produced less milkstone than alkaline mixtures. A cationic synthetic detergent helped produce twice the milkstone formed with a nonionic or anionic. Milkstone quantity increased with increase of temperature of water used to rinse milk; increasing the drying time before or after this rinse did not influence milkstone formation.