The Vowel Formants of Deaf and Normal-Hearing Eleven- to Fourteen-Year-Old Boys

Abstract
Ten vowels in an h-d environment were placed in sentences and recorded by 18 deaf and 18 normal-hearing boys, between the ages of 11 and 14 years. The deaf boys had higher mean fundamental frequencies; greater ranges of fundamental frequencies and amplitudes; and greater mean ranges of the first three formant frequencies and amplitudes. Vowels were seldom accurately spoken by the deaf.

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