Use of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for the assessment of unilateral pulmonary function

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Abstract
We describe a fully automatable quantification process for the assessment of unilateral pulmonary function (UPF) by means of EIT and propose a measurement protocol for its clinical implementation. Measurements were performed at the fourth and sixth intercostal levels on a first group of ten healthy subjects (5M, 5F, ages 26–48 years) to define the proper protocol by evaluating the most common postures and ventilation modes. Several off-line processing tools were also evaluated, including the use of digital filters to extract the respiratory components from EIT time series. Comparative measures were then carried out on a second group consisting of five pre-operatory patients with lung cancer (4M, 1F, ages 25–77 years) scheduled for radionuclide scanning. Results show that measurements were best performed with the subject sitting down, holding his arms up and breathing spontaneously. As regards data processing, it is best to extract Fourier respiratory components. The mean of the healthy subject group leads to a left–right division of lung ventilation consistent with literature values (47% left lung, 53% right lung). The comparative study indicates a good correlation (r = 0.96) between the two techniques, with a mean difference of (−0.4 ± 5.4)%, suggesting that the elimination of cardiac components from the thoracic transimpedance signal leads to a better estimation of UPF.