Use of Esmolol During Anesthesia to Treat Tachycardia and Hypertension

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Abstract
We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of esmolol, an ultra-short-acting, cardioselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, in controlling sinus tachycardia and increased systolic blood pressure occurring perioperatively in 30 ASA physical status II or III patients having elective, non-cardiac surgery. Esmolol 80 mg I.V. bolus (N = 15) or placebo (N = 15) followed by 12 mg/min or placebo were infused in 30 isoflurane-anesthesized patients using a randomized double-blind study design. The bolus plus infusions were given when surgical stimuli caused heart rate to exceed 95 bpm or systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg. Esmolol significantly decreased heart rate (107 .+-. 4, mean .+-. SEM to 99 .+-. 4, mean .+-. SEM bpm) within 45 sec after starting the bolus plus infusion; the placebo had no effect, heart rate being 105 .+-. 4 before and 106 .+-. 3 bpm after the bolus plus infusion. Patients given esmolol continued to have heart rates significantly lower than patients given placebo injections throughout a six min infusion (Ex., at 5 min 81 .+-. 3 vs 91 .+-. 4 bpm). The study demonstrated no apparent effect of esmolol on blood pressure but that esmolol is effective in treating perioperative sinus tachycardia.