Validation of diagnostic criteria for solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma in patients presenting with seizures

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Abstract
Objective ‐ To evaluate a set of clinical and computed tomographic (CT) criteria (previously described by us) to predict the diagnosis of a solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma (SCCG) at initial presentation, in patients presenting with seizures. Material and methods ‐ The diagnostic criteria were applied prospectively to patients presenting with seizures and solitary lesion on the CT scan. The clinical diagnostic criteria were as follows: seizures should be the presenting complaint; there should be no evidence of persistent raised intracranial pressure, progressive neurological deficit or an active systemic disease. The CT diagnostic criteria were: evidence of a solitary contrast enhancing lesion measuring 20 mm or less in its maximal dimension without a shift of the midline structures due to the surrounding oedema. A diagnosis of SCCG was made only when all the clinical and CT criteria were fulfilled. Over a period of 36 months, we managed 401 patients presenting with seizures and a solitary mass on the CT scan; 215 met the criteria for the diagnosis of an SCCG. Results ‐ Of the 215 patients initially diagnosed to have an SCCG, 197 were ultimately determined to have that diagnosis (true positive diagnosis) while 16 were excluded because of lack of follow‐up CT assessment. Two of the 215 patients with the initial diagnosis of an SCCG subsequently had histological diagnosis of a secondary metastasis and a pyogenic abscess (false positive diagnosis). Our set of diagnostic criteria for SCCG had a sensitivity of 99.5%; specificity of 98.9%; a positive predictive value of 99%; and a negative predictive value of 99.5%. The likelihood ratios for the positive and negative tests were 92.99 and 0.005 respectively. Conclusions ‐ Our diagnostic criteria help in not only accurately identifying an SCCG but also in differentiating it from a solitary tuberculoma and other brain masses. However, confirmation of the diagnosis of an SCCG is only obtained at follow‐up evaluation and therefore careful clinical and CT re‐evaluation is essential in all patients initially diagnosed to have an SCCG.