Exercise, Lymphokines, Calories, and Cancer

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Abstract
In brief: Epidemiological studies suggest that exercise reduces the risk of cancer. The leading studies are reviewed here, along with the underlying animal research and the plausible protective mechanisms in humans. The conclusion, based on the literature, is that exercise may help defend against cancer by Preventing obesity, stimulating lymphokines, and/or facilitating other healthful changes in behavior. However, the data are largely preliminary and controversial. Thus, although there is reason to believe that exercise helps prevent cancer, much more research is needed to prove that it does. This article is the first in a series on internal medicine.