Pharmacological Actions of Aconitum Roots

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Abstract
The pharmacological properties of raw Aconitum [A. carmichaeli and A. japonicum] roots from Niigata (1), Hokkaido (2) and China (3) and their processed preparations (4, 5 and 6, respectively) were examined in comparison with their constituents, aconitine (AC) and benzoylaconine (BA) (doses expressed in per kg p.o. [orally] in vivo, unless otherwise stated, and per ml in vitro). On blood pressure in rats, 1, 3 (0.1 g i.v.) and AC (50 .mu.g i.v.) exhibited a weak temporary hypotensive action, while 2 (0.1 g i.v.) elicited a diphasic reaction, a remarkable hypertension followed by hypotension. 4-6 (0.1 g i.v.) mediated marked temporary hypertensive action. In the isolated right atria of guinea pigs, 1-3 (10-6-10-5 g) showed positive inotropic and chronotropic action. Further, 1-3 (10-4 g) and AC (10-7 g) exhibited these actions followed by negative inotropic action and disorder of the heart rate. In the isolated ileum of guinea pigs, 1-3 (10-4 g) and AC (10-6 g) caused weak contraction which was antagonized by atropine. In the isolated vas deferens of guinea pigs, 1-6 (10-4 g), AC and BA (10-6 g) produced no contraction, and had no effect on contraction induced by norepinephrine or tyramine. In the isolated hypogastric nerve-vas deferens of guinea pigs, the isolated mesenteric nerve-jejunum of rabbits and the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm of rats, 1-3 (10-4 g) and AC (10-6 g) inhibited responses induced by electrical stimulation of the corresponding nerves. In mice, 1-2 (0.1-1.0 g) showed analgesic activity in the tail pressure method and 1-3 in the acetic acid-induced writhing method. In mice, 1-3 (0.1-1.0 g) potentiated hexobarbital anesthesia. In mice, 1-3 (0.1-1.0 g) and AC (1 mg) reduced revolution of the wheel cage. In mice, 3 (1.0 g) and AC (1 mg) showed hypothermic action by 1.5-2.degree.. In mice, 1-3 (0.1-1.0 g) inhibited the stress-induced ulcer production.

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