Incidence and potentiation of external and internal fetal anomalies resulting from chlordiazepoxide and amitriptyline alone and in combination

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Abstract
The teratogenic potential of a combination of chlordiazepoxide (Cdz) and amitriptyline (Amt) was examined with regard to both internal and external anomalies. Timed pregnant golden hamsters were given a single intraperitoneal injection on day 8 of gestation of one of the following: chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (28.5 mg/kg), amitriptyline hydrochloride (70.3 mg/kg), Cdz‐Amt combination (28.5 mg/kg Cdz + 70.3 mg/kg Amt, in order to retain the 1:2.5 dose ratio utilized in a clinically‐used preparation of these agents), or saline vehicle (control). Fetuses were recovered on gestation day 15 following maternal sacrifice. Cranial malformations were analyzed in Bouin's‐fixed fetuses by making 1‐mm coronal sections through each head, whereas visceral anomalies were examined following general dissection of each body. Amt alone produced a significant (P < 0.05) incidence of bent tail and encephalocele, whereas Cdz significantly (P < 0.05) altered the male:female ratio of surviving fetuses when compared with saline‐injected controls. The Cdz‐Amt combination caused significant increases in cranial malformations, open eye, bent tail, abnormal lung, and urogenital anomalies. The teratogenic effects of potentiation between the components of this combination are discussed in terms of external and internal malformations.